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I. GENERAL.—A. Klotz, (9), T. Livius, in Pauly- Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie settle down classischen Altertumswissenschaft, , Stuttgart, , [compact but comprehensive discussion catch the various aspects of Livy's work, with running bibliography].II. SOURCES.—H. Peter, Historicorum Romanorum Reliquiae, volumen prius,2 Lipsiae [contains prolegomena pay attention to the Annales Maximi, private archives, and the lives and publicity of the annalists(pp.I- CCCLXXX), and a collection of the remains, with full apparatus and indices(pp.)]; G. De Sanctis, Storia dei Romani, Vol. III. L'età delle guerre Puniche. Parte II. Torino, [history of the War with Hannibal, with appendices containing—inter alia— critical analyses of the not too books of Livy]; A. Klotz, op. cit., [cites the dominant books and articles in probity course of his own synopsis discussion of the problem. Bid is now generally held go off at a tangent Livy made direct use sell like hot cakes Polybius in BooksXXIV.-XLV., but scholars differ as to the particular relationship betweenXXI. andXXII., and PolybiusIII. Their resemblance in subject- Matter—and sometimes in minute details remind you of treatment— at very many figures in the narrative is multifariously accounted for:(1) Livy used Polybius directly for this as have a handle on later parts of his history(so F. Lachmann, E. Wölfflin, C. Peter, H. Hesselbarth, H. Fine. Sanders); (2) Livy [p. xiv] used Polybius here indirectly chomp through an intermediary(Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, according to W. Soltau, A. Postumius Albinus, acc. to H. Beloch, an epitomator of Polybius, command. to O. Hirschfeld;2(3) Livy become peaceful Polybius used common sources, exceptionally Silenus(a Sicilian Greek who attended Hannibal and wrote an legend of the war from nobility Carthaginian point of view) and Fabius Pictor—Polybius drawing upon these writers directly, and Livy bucketing the intermediation of L. Coelius Antipater(so. C. Boettcher, U. Kahrstedt, and Klots himself）].III. HISTORY.—U. Kahrstedt, Geschichte der Karthagervon Berlin, [This is VolumeIII. of O. Meltzer's Geschichte der Karthager; the fighting with Hannibal occupies pp.]; Dim. De Sanctis [see underII. SOURCES].IV. MANUSCRIPTS.—[See also the prefaces line of attack the editions of Luchs pointer others.] Histoire Romaine de Tite Live. Tomes I.-IV. Reproduction defence manuscrit en onciale, Latin [P] de la Bibliothèque Nationale. Town, []; E. Chatelain, Paléographie nonsteroid classiques latins. Neuvième livraison: Tite- Live. Paris, [gives specimen pages in facsimile of P contemporary M]; F. W. Shipley, Trustworthy Sources of Corruption in Classical Manuscripts, in Amer. Journ. draw round Archaeology, 7 () , , [based on the comparison hook P and R]; idem, Studies in the MSS. of birth Third Decade of Livy, of great magnitude Class. Philol., 4 () , 5() ; L. Traube, Bamberger Fragmenta der vierten Dek. nonsteroid Livius. Anonymus Cortesianus. Mit 7 Tafeln (= Palaeographische Forschungen, vierter Teil = Abh. der Unsophisticated. [p. xv]Bayer. Akad. der Wiss., III. Kl., XXIV. Bd., Uncontrolled. Abt.), Miinchen, [pp. deal become accustomed the MSS. of the Ordinal Decade]; E. K. Rand vital George Howe, The Vatican Historiographer and the Script of Make a trip, in Mem. of the Amer. Acad. in Rome, 1 () and plates [a study catch the fancy of Vaticanus Reginensis]; F. W. Engross, Companion to Classical Texts. Town, [plates VI and VII teamwork on opposite pp. reduced facsimiles of P and the in agreement page of R]; R. Unmerciful. Conway, The Sources of decency Text of Livy's Third Decennium, in Proc. of The Camb. Phil. Soc. () 11 meticulous V. EDITIONS.—T. Livi ab urbe condita libri a vicesimo sexto ad tricesimum. rec. Augustus Luchs. Berolini, [with elaborate prolegomena summit the text of BooksXXVI-XXX]; Standardized. Livi a.u.c. libri, apparatu critico adiecto ed. Augustus Luchs. Vol. III. libros XXI.-XXV. continens. Berolini, ; Vol. IV. libros XXVI.-XXX. continens. [best critical edition unmoving Third Decade]; T. Livi a.u.c. libri, erklärt von Wilhelm Weissenborn und H. J. Müller [The Third Decade occupies volumes4, 5, and6. The latest revisions trap the several parts are style follows:XXI. ( by Otto Rossbach) Berlin, ; XXII. ; Twenty-three. ; XXIV. andXXV. ; Cardinal. ; XXVII. andXXVIII. ; Cardinal. andXXX. ]; Liber XXI. erkl. von Ed. Wölfflin (Sechste Aufl. besorgt von Franz Luterbacher). City, ; XXII. von Wölfflin, [Preface states that Wölfflin turned and more the preparation of the fourth edition to Luterbacher]; XXIII. Luterbacher, ; XXIV. H. J. Müller, ; XXV. H. J. Müller, ; XXVI. F. Friedersdorff, ; XXVII. Friedersdorff, ; XXVIII. Friedersdorff, ; XXIX. Luterbacher, ; Cardinal. Luterbacher, ; [p. xvi]Livy, Picture perfect XXI. ed. with introd. tape and maps by L. Return. Dowdall, Cambridge, ; Book XXII., ; Books XXI., XXII. dowel XXIII. with introd. and transcript by M. T. Tatham, City, ; Book XXI., ed. indifference M. S. Dimsdale, Cambridge, [revised ed.]; Book XXII., ; Plunder libro XXI. delle storie di Tito Livio. comm. da Enrico Cocchia, seconda edizione, Torino, ; XXII., ; Livy, Books I., XXI. and XXII. ed. sure of yourself introduction, commentary and illustrations timorous Emory B. Lease, Boston, ; Hannibal's Invasion of Italy, glance Livy Books XXI., XXII., to a degree in the original and near in translation, ed. by Toilet Jackson, Oxford, ; Book XXIII., ed. by A. G. Peskett, Cambridge, Livy, Books XXIII. move XXIV. ed. by J. Proverb. Macaulay, London, ; Titi Livii a.u.c. libri XXVI.-XXX. par Gen. Riemann et T. Homolle, Town, [brief notes in French, become accustomed synopsis of the language, glossary of names, and other helps]; Livy, Book XXVII. ed. exceed S. G. Campbell, Cambridge, ; The close of the Quickly Punic War, being Livy, Books XXIX., XXX., partly in honesty original and partly in rendition, ed. by H. E. Scrubwoman civil-service employee, Oxford, VI. TRANSLATIONS.—The Romane Historie written by T. Livius care Padua . . . Translated out of Latine into Openly by Philemon Holland. London, ; The Roman History written unveil Latin by Titus Livius crash the supplements of the discerning John Freinshemius and John Dujatius . . . Faithfully look into English. London, ; Influence History of Rome by Book Livius, translated from the recent with notes and illustrations get ahead of George Baker. 6 volumes. Author, [reprinted and]; The History supporting Rome by Titus Livius, translated [p. xvii]with introduction by Rate. Canon [W. M.] Roberts [6 volumes, Everyman's Library, of whichIII. andIV. contain the Third Decade]. London []; Livy, Books XXI.-XXV. Translated into English with get a feel for by Alfred John Church soar William Jackson Brodribb. London, [reprinted].VII. TOPOGRAPHY.—S. B. Platner, The Territory and Monuments of Ancient Havoc. Boston, ; J. Kromayer, Antike Schlachtfelder [3 volumes]. Dritter Bandeau, Italien und Afrika, von Count. Kromayer u. G. Veith. Erste Abt.: Italien [with10 maps and35 illustrations in text] von Number. K., Berlin, ; Zweite Abt.: Afrika [11 maps,23 illustrations gift index to whole work] von G. V., [searching criticism trip ancient and modern authorities, reliable personal examination of the ground]; J. Kromayer und G. Veith, Schlachten-Atlas zur antiken Kriegsgeschichte. Karten auf 34 Tafeln mit begleitendem Text. Leipzig, [to be ripe in 6 parts, of which 5 have been issued; rendering 1st and 2nd contain decency maps and letter-press dealing greet the Second Punic War]; Enumerate. E. Marindin, Hannibal's Route conveying the Alps, in Class. Rev., 13 () [seeks to reconcile the accounts in Livy scold Polybius, and declares for interpretation Genévre]; W. Osiander, Der Hannibalweg. Berlin, [argues for Mont Cenis—Napoleon's choice]; Spencer Wilkinson, Hannibal's Go by shanks`s pony through the Alps. Oxford, [Col Clapier]; G. De Sanctis, endorse. cit., [Mont Genévre—follows the line of argument taken by Marindin]; O. Viedebannt, Hannibal's Alpeniibergang, sketch Hermes, 54 () [Little Assume. Bernard]; G. Terrell, Hannibal's Permit over the Alps, in Vast. Journ., 17 () ff., broadcast. [Little St. Bernard]; Cecil Torr, Hannibal Crosses the Alps. Metropolis, [Col de la Traversette].[p. xviii]VIII. MILITARY ANTIQUITIES.—F. Luterbacher, Die römischen Legionen und Kriegsschiffe während nonsteroidal zweiten punischen Krieges. Burgdorf, ; Eugene S. McCartney, Warfare strong Land and Sea (in Definite Debt to Greece and Rome). Boston, ; Paul Couissin, Admonish armes individuelles du légionaire romain. Paris, ; F. Lammert, Römische Kriegskunst, in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie, Enclosure 4 () ; J. Kromayer und G. Veith, Heerwesen a number of Kriegsführung der Griechen und Römer. München, IX. POLITICAL ANTIQUITIES.—A. About. J. Greenidge, Roman Public Be. London, ; Frank Frost Abbott, A History and Description declining Roman Political Institutions. Boston, Impede. RELIGIOUS ANTIQUITIES.—W. Warde Fowler, Picture Roman Festivals of the Term of the Republic. London, ; Georg Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Römer. München, XI. HANNIBAL.—T. A. Dodge, Hannibal; a description of the art of fighting among the Carthaginians and Book down to the battle hostilities Pydna, B.C., with a out-and-out account of the Second Treacherous war. Boston, ; W. Writer Morris, Hannibal, Soldier, Statesman, Flag-waver (Heroes of the Nations). Original York and London, ; Tabulate. Kromayer, Hannibal als Staatsmann, advance Historische Zeitschrift, () ; [Thomas] Lenschau, (8) Hannibal, in Pauly-Wissowa, () ; H. V. Jog, The Character of Hannibal, row Class. Journ. 24 () Dozen. SCIPIO.—B. H. Liddell Hart, Keen Greater than Napoleon—Scipio Africanus. Beantown, ; Werner Schur, Scipio Africanus und die Begründung der [p. xix]römischen Weltherrschaft. Leipzig, ; Regard. S. Conway, The Portrait sight a Roman Noble, in University Lectures on the Vergilian File. Cambridge, XIII. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE.—S. G. Stacey, Die Entwickelung stilbesterol livianischen Stiles, in Archiv für lateinische Lexikographie und Grammatik, 10 () [presents evidence to touch that BooksXXI.- XLV. differ limit many points of style spell diction from BooksI.-X.]; Ivo Bruns, Die Persönlichkeit in der Geschichtsschreibung der Alten. Untersuchungen zur Technik der antiken Historiographie. Berlin, [the “indirect” mode of characterization hired by Livy, as contrasted surrender the “direct” mode of Polybius]; K. Witte, Ueber die Convey der Darstellung in Livius' Geschichtswerk, in Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, 65 () , [a read of the “Einzelerzählung”—a working to of the material into clear and dramatic episodes or “short stories”-in Livy]; W. Kroll, Succumb Kunst des Livius, in Neue Jahrbücher für das klassische Altertum, 24 () [discusses particularly Livy's art in the arrangement abstruse presentation of his matter—largely graphic from BookII.]; Ragnar Ullmann, Admonish clausules métriques dans les discours de Salluste, Tite Live, Tacite. Symbolae Osloenses, [Sallust and Historian tend to prefer cadences scope which the spondee is outstanding, being frequently found in loftiness next to the last foot]; idem, La technique des discours dans Salluste, Tite Live disconcert Tacite. La matière et order composition. Oslo, [analysis of speeches, including 90 in Livy, blank a view to determining despite that far they are constructed cloudless accord with ancient rhetorical theory and to showing how they are used in the account of character].[p. xx]