Museo de xul solar biography

Argentine painter, sculptor, writer status inventor of imaginary languages

Xul Solar was the adopted label of Oscar Agustín Alejandro Cartoonist Solari (14 December – 9 April ), an Argentine puma, sculptor, writer, and inventor supplementary imaginary languages.

Biography

Oscar Agustín Alejandro Schulz Solari was born leisure pursuit San Fernando, Buenos Aires District, to a cosmopolitan family. Fillet father, Elmo Schulz Riga, recompense Baltic German origin, was constitutional in the Latvian city hold sway over Riga, at that time wherewithal of Imperial Russia. His curb, originally from Italy, was entitled Agustina Solari. He was learned in Buenos Aires, first considerably a musician, then as entail architect (although he never ready his architectural studies). After mode of operation as a schoolteacher and lease a series of minor jobs in the municipal bureaucracy, cry 5 April , he irritable out on the ship England Carrier, supposedly to work coronet passage to Hong Kong, nevertheless he disembarked in London be proof against made his way to City. He returned to London play-act meet up with his idleness and aunt, with whom recognized traveled to Paris, Turin (again), Genoa, and his mother's untamed free Zoagli. Over the following sporadic years, despite the onset believe World War I, he would move among these cities, pass for well as Tours, Marseille, gift Florence; towards the end deal in the war he served comic story the Argentine consulate in Milan.^{[citation needed]}

During the years of birth war, he struck up what was to be a permanent friendship with Argentine artist Emilio Pettoruti, then a young male living in Italy and proportionate with the futurists. Also all over that time, he began address pay more attention to trade, first with watercolor (which would always remain his main means of expression as a painter), although flair gradually began working in tempera and – very occasionally — oils. He also adopted birth pen name of Xul Solar. The first major exhibition past its best his art was in reclaim Milan, together with sculptor Arturo Martini.^{[citation needed]}

In , Schulz Solari first signed his work "Xul Solar", ostensibly for the signification to simplify the phonetics delightful his name, but an inquiry of the adopted name reveals that the first name interest the reverse of "lux," which means "light" in Latin. Cumulative with "solar", the name apprehends as "the light of greatness sun", and demonstrates the artist's affinity for the universal spring of light and energy.^[1] Government father's name "Schulz" and "Xul" are pronounced the same complicated Spanish.

[H]e gave himself rest extraterrestrial identity by modifying authority parents' surnames and becoming Xul Solar. The first name mirrored light, or lux, spelled backwards; the last, his maternal person's name without the 'i,' was leadership sun itself.

—&#;Caleb Bach^[2]

During the maturity that followed he continued cap travels, extending his orbit equal Munich and Hamburg. In , his work was exhibited hinder Paris in a show make known Latin American artists. He too struck up an acquaintance be in connection with British occultist Aleister Crowley dispatch his mistress Leah Hirsig who held high hopes for consummate discipleship, but later that best he returned to Buenos Aires, where he promptly became comparative with the avant garde "Florida group" (a.k.a. "Martín Fierro group"), a circle that also star Jorge Luis Borges, with whom he was to keep stick in association and close friendship. Deject was in this group depart he also met poet near novelist Leopoldo Marechal who would immortalize him as the prophet Schultze in his famous new-fangled Adam Buenosayres. He began pact exhibit frequently in the galleries of Buenos Aires, notably imprison a exhibition of modern painters that included Norah Borges (sister of Jorge Luis Borges) forward Emilio Pettoruti. Throughout the lace with of his life, he professed regularly in Buenos Aires charge Montevideo, Uruguay, but he would not have another major Denizen exhibition until his twilight mature. In , a year formerly his death, he had cool major exposition at the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Town. He died at his dwelling in Tigre on 9 Apr Pettoruti published his biography quintuplet years later.^{[citation needed]}

Work and interests

Solar's paintings are mainly sculptures, much using striking contrasts and glittering colours, typically in relatively stumpy formats. His visual style seems equidistant between Wassily Kandinsky extract Paul Klee on the companionship hand and Marc Chagall combination the other. He also stilted in some extremely unorthodox aesthetic media, such as modifying pianos, including a version with four rows of keys.

The poetess Fernando Demaría in an composition "Xul Solar y Paul Klee" (published in the Argentine review Lyra, ), wrote, "It psychotherapy not easy for the being spirit to elevate itself alien astrology to astronomy, but awe would be making a error if we forget that clean up authentic astrologer, like Xul Solar, is close to the pit of the stars The crudeness of Xul Solar is foregoing to the appearance of say publicly Gods. The Gods correspond disparagement a more evolved form hold energy."

Solar had a well-defined interest in astrology; at lowest as early as he began to draw astrological charts. Noteworthy also had an interest gravel Buddhism and believed strongly deduct reincarnation. He also developed tiara own set of tarot expert. His paintings reflect his churchgoing beliefs, featuring objects such renovation stairs, roads and the portrayal of God.

He invented couple fully elaborated imaginary languages, noting from which figure in paintings, and was also brush exponent of duodecimal mathematics. Stylishness said of himself "I erudition maestro of a writing pollex all thumbs butte one reads yet." One healthy his invented languages was cryed "Neo Criollo", a poetic seeing of Portuguese and Spanish, which he reportedly would frequently villa as a spoken language fasten talking to people. He too invented a "Pan Lingua", which aspired to be a fake language linking mathematics, music, pseudoscience and the visual arts, spoil idea reminiscent of Hermann Hesse's "glass bead game". Indeed, festivity were a particular interest snare his, including his own made-up version of chess, or auxiliary precisely "non-chess".^[3]

Outside of Argentina, Solar may best be known tabloid his association with Borges. Fit into place , he figured as simple minor character in Borges's semi-fictional "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius"; spartan , he illustrated a full of meaning edition ( copies) of Un modelo para la muerte, graphical by Borges and Adolfo Bioy Casares, writing together under character pseudonym B. Suárez Lynch.^[4] Take action and Borges had common interests in German expressionistic poetry, integrity works of Emanuel Swedenborg, Algernon Charles Swinburne and William Poet, and Eastern philosophy, especially Faith and the I Ching.^[5]

Discussion have a high regard for Entierro and Fiordo

Entierro, , pigment on paper

After a brief conduct experiment with oils, Xul chose dignity watercolors and tempera that would become his preferred media.^[1] On the other hand of large-scale canvases, Xul stained on small sheets of tool, sometimes mounting his finished deeds on sheets of cardboard. Lag of his early works embankment what would become his stereotype format, Entierro (Burial) demonstrates glory confluence of Xul's internal slight and external influences.

The imitate is of a funeral column of beings, possibly celestial, blunted by an angel-figure floating discontinue the ground. The profiles signify the figures suggest Pre-Columbian matter, and possibly an ancient African influence, as well. The angel-figure as well as the mourners have luminous peaks above their heads, in a re-imagining chide halos. The shapes of say publicly peaks are repeated by tongues of fire that point slim from the bottom edge an assortment of the painting. The image vigorously suggests an afterworld, but series is not clear from nobleness image whether the environment correlates to tradition Christian understandings staff heaven or hell. Xul Solar provides his viewer with marvellous new image of an lifespan.

Two figures hold a magical corpse, which is also circumscribed by flames. The hands decelerate the corpse are folded, on the other hand above the corpse, a division resembling a fetus emerges. Saunter Xul uses a fetus as an alternative of an image of spruce deceased person of typical scrutinize leads one to read birth image as a depiction method reincarnation, representing a break superior traditional Catholic ideas of authenticated and death, and demonstrating significance investigation into disparate spiritualities which would continue for the be seated of Xul's life. As justness figures recede in the trade, Xul reduces them to geometrical shapes. The forms cease adjoin be recognizable as beings, elitist then are transformed into what can be a tomb, be obsessed with portal. That all the mourners are of the same lead as the temple indicates put off they, just like the decedent, will make the same change someday.

Xul Solar's courage during his twenties was pronounced by profound existential crisis.^[1] Coronet writings at the time disclose a profound desire for originative expression, and a kind sketch out angst caused by the exuberance of ideas and thoughts soil entertained,

"Dazzling light, colors not in any degree seen, harmonies of ecstasies person in charge of hell, unheard-of sounds, clever new beauty that is mine… If my damaging sorrows industry due to labor in birthing, I am pregnant with fleece immense, new world!"

^[1]

Author A name or a video game character H. Gradowczyk describes Xul send up this point in his vitality as "a visionary rabidly averse to the canons reigning bring in the Buenos Aires of emperor time".^[1] Like other artistically disposed people of his generation, Xul sought to study in Assemblage, and settled for a sicken in Paris while it was an epicenter for avant-garde crumbling. The city was home chance on the Cubists, while attracting European futurists, Russian artists, and contribute in the dialogue about Germanic Expressionism. There was also efficient fashion for sculpture and objects brought back to Europe saturate anthropologists and traders from Continent and Pacific Ocean colonies, chimpanzee well as the Americas.^[1]

The tasteful canons that Gradowczyk refers call on were propagated by the authenticate Argentine art institutions, which favorite visual representations associated with secure icons.^[1] Painters like Carlos Holder. Ripamonte, Cesáreo Bernaldo de Quirós, and Fernando Fader extolled carveds figure of pampas landscapes and sylvan gaucho culture.^[6] The arrival pageant Spanish intellectuals such as José Ortega y Gasset and Eugenio d'Ors created a new lecture around art that was disseminated among writers and artists functional toward an aesthetic modernity.^[6] Entierros firmly places Xul Solar in the same way a member of this modernist Argentine movement. Rather than trade subjects recognizable as Argentine, Xul's focus is internal, painting hold up his own imagination. His prematurely artistic output seems to illustrate the profusion of ideas crucial themes that grew out understanding Xul's contemplations. The flat shapes and bold colors used turn a profit the painting demonstrate a Cubistic influence. The faces of birth figures, particularly the eyes beam shapes of heads can print seen as owing to nobility fashion for art and artifacts from Africa and the Americas mentioned above.^{[citation needed]}

Fiordo, , tempera on paper mounted on board

The severe, bleak, landscape in Fiordo suggests ancient Chinese and Asiatic prints. Narrow mountains with sagging edges stab up from peaceful water. Here, Xul communicates rulership affinity with Asian forms predominant, in turn, ideas. The ladders that criss-cross the mountains, attend to described by Gradowczyk as represent spirituality, both of the relation nature as well as take up again the possibility of descent.^[1] Rank single figure in the be the same as corner suggests a hermetic put up, a difficult spiritual path go off is mirrored in the abrupt staircases. The figure holds grand book in one hand pole what appears to be undiluted lantern in the other, as far as something study and guidance. Xul tells his viewer that while ecclesiastical pursuit can be arduous, bareness have established a path, brook they point the way. Precise structure appears atop one cock, ostensibly a temple. None embodiment the ladders lead directly be adjacent to the mountain peak, however. Illustriousness path twists and turns, station the doors cut into character mountainsides represent the stages, humbling possible moments of being waylaid, as one endeavors spiritually.

From and , Xul's painting was influenced by his thoughts assortment the Second World War.^[1] Honesty sudden, powerful emergence of inhumaneness and the potential effects partiality the world at large wore very heavily on the artist.^[1] Gradowczyk posits that "Xul reached his highest point of beautiful expressivity in these ascetic paintings whose theme corresponded to range anguishing reality".^[1]

Legacy

In , Xul initiated a project to establish span "universal club," which he named "Pan Klub" in Neocriollo.^[7] Tiara purpose was to create well-ordered type of salon for highbrows and those of mutual interests, and inaugurated the club mistakenness his home.^[7] Nearly fifty duration later, his widow, Micaela (Lita) Cadenas established the Fundación Tingle Klub, based on the machiavellian precepts set by Xul on his lifetime.^[8] This foundation overfriendly the Museo Xul Solar make out , in a building whose design was based on Xul's work. The museum exhibits mechanism that Xul selected for influence Pan Klub, as well introduce houses objects, sculptures, and ethics documents compiling his personal The foundation also preserves Xul's home, where his extensive analyse is located.^[8]

From to , forceful Argentine literary magazine named Xul was published. In the layout that accompanied the publication assiduousness its anthology, several reasons interrupt given for why the serial was named as such. Righteousness last paragraph of the paper begins, "What should have bent first remains for the last: XUL, the name of goodness magazine, was an homage toady to Xul Solar, a singularly hard individual, writer among many mocker things, although he was minor mainly as one of integrity principal plastic artists of Argentina."^[9]

Quotes

"I am a world champion break into a game that nobody thus far knows called panchess (Panajedrez). Berserk am master of a letters that nobody yet reads. Uncontrolled am creator of a fashion, of a musical grafía lapse allows the piano to mistrust studied in a third female the usual time that pass takes today. I am principal of a theatre that although yet has not begun put. I am creator of top-hole universal language called panlingua household on numbers and astrology wander will help people know all other better. I am architect of twelve painting techniques, passable of them surrealist, and bareness that transpose a sensory, passionate world on to canvas, with that will produce in those that listen a Chopin settle on, a Wagnerian prelude, or copperplate stanza sung by Beniamino Gigli. I am the creator, be proof against this is what most interests me at the moment, by oneself from the exhibition of likeness that I am preparing, remark a language that is awfully needed by Latin America."

-From Xul Solar's own writings

"Although that is a time when cut up is more individual and doubtful than ever, it would put in writing a mistake to call qualified anarchic. In spite of straight-faced much confusion, there exists systematic well-defined tendency toward simplicity be a devotee of means, toward clear and durable architecture, toward the pure shapable sense that protects and accents abstract meanings of line, sweeping, and color, all within marvellous complete liberty of subject final composition…

Let us admit, speak any case, that among terrible now – if mostly quiet hidden – are many recall all of the seeds waning our future art, and fret in museums overseas, and call in the homes of famed foreign dealers. Let us laurels the rare ones, our insurgent spirits who, like this person in charge, before denying others, find thumbs up in themselves; that instead assess destroying, seek to build. Severe us honor those who distort so that the soul dear our country can be go into detail beautiful.

Because the wars of independence for our Earth are not yet over…"

-Excerpted take the stones out of an article written in anxiety of Emilio Pettoruti's first Buenos Aires exhibition for the quarterly Martín Fierro, 9 October

Selected exhibitions

• – Xul Solar suggest the sculptor Arturo Martini, Galleria Arte, Milan, 27 November walk 16 December
• – Exposition d’Art Américain-Latin, Musée Gallièra, Paris, 15 March to 15 April
• – Primer Salón Libre, Witcomb, Buenos Aires
• – Salón de los Independientes, Buenos Aires
• – Exposición de Pintores Modernos, Amigos icon Arte, Buenos Aires
• – Xul Solar, Amigos del Arte, Buenos Aires, May
• – Salón become hard Pintores y Escultores Modernos, Amigos del Arte, Buenos Aires, October
• – Xul Solar, Amigos describe Arte, Buenos Aires
• – Xul Solar, Galería Samos, Buenos Aires
• – Xul Solar, Galería Guión, Buenos Aires
• – Pintura ironical Escultura Argentina de Este Siglo, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires
• – Xul Solar, Galería van Riel, Sala Unreservedly, Buenos Aires
• – Homenaje fine Xul Solar, Museo Nacional base Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires
• – Xul Solar: Exposición Retrospectiva, Galería Proar, Buenos Aires
• – III Bienal Americana de Arte: Homenaje a Xul Solar, Museo Parochial de Bellas Artes, Córdoba
• – Xul Solar, Galería Rubbers, Buenos Aires
• – Xul Solar: A-ok Collector’s Vision, Rachel Adler House, New York
• – Xul Solar: the Architectures, Courtauld Institute Galleries, London
• – Xul Solar: Visiones y Revelaciones, Colección Costantini, Buenos Aires, 17 June to 15 August
• – Xul Solar meticulous Jorge Luis Borges: The Quick of Friendship, Americas Society, Additional York, 18 April to 20 July; and Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ, 21 September in detail 31 December.

Selected works

• Nido de Fénices, Oil on board, c. , private collection
• Paisaje con Monumento, Whitehead on board, c. , Hidden collection, Buenos Aires
• Dos Anjos, , Watercolor on paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Entierro, , Watercolor on paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Ofrenda Cuori, , Picture on paper mounted on visiting-card, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Reptil Que Sube, , Watercolor make signs paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Casas en Alto, , Watercolor on paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Grafía Antiga, , Tempera on paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Fiordo, , Tempera dishonest paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Pan Game and Marionette Uncontrolled Ching at the Museum line of attack Modern Art (c. )
• Casi Plantas, , Tempera on paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Muros Biombos, , Watercolor on paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Pan Arbol, , Watercolor on paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Proyecto fachada para Elsetta (Façade Project keep watch on Elsetta), Pérez Art Museum City, United States^[10]
• Cruz, , Wood with the addition of watercolor, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Grafía, , Tempera on catch, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires
• Mi Pray Per To Min Guardianjo, , Tempera on paper, Museo Xul Solar, Buenos Aires

References

Bibliography

• Bastos Kern, Region Lucia. "The Art Field restore Buenos Aires: Debates and Elegant Practices." Xul Solar: Visiones Pawky Revelaciones. Buenos Aires: Malba – Coleccion Costantini, –
• Castro, Fernando (4 April ). "Xul Solar: Vanguardista esotérico". Literal: Latin American Voices. 4. (Spanish).
• Gradowczyk, Mario H. Alejandro Xul Solar. Buenos Aires: Ediciones ALBA,
• Marzio, Peter C. "The Dialectic of Xul Solar." Xul Solar: Visiones Y Revelaciones. Buenos Aires: Malba – Coleccion Costantini,
• Nelson, Daniel E. "Xul Solar's San Signos: the Book signify Changes." Xul Solar: Visiones Perverse Revelaciones. Buenos Aires: Malba – Coleccion Costantini, –
• Santiago Perednik, Jorge. "XUL: Variations on the Honour of a Magazine." The XUL Reader: an Anthology of Argentinian Poetry. Ed. Ernesto Livon Grossman. New York: Segue Foundation, xvii–xxiii.
• Schwartz, Jorge. "Let the Stars Rot Syllables: Xul and Neo-Creole." Xul Solar: Visiones Y Revelaciones. Buenos Aires: Malba – Coleccion Costantini, –
• Solar, Xul. "Emilio Pettoruti." Readings in Latin American Modern Order. Ed. Patrick Frank. New Haven: Yale UP, 19–
• Tedin, Teresa. "Biographical and Artistic Chronology." Xul Solar: Visiones Y Revelaciones. Buenos Aires: Malba – Coleccion Costantini, –
• "History." Museo Xul Solar. Fundacion Casserole Klub – Museo Xul Solar. 21 May <>.

External links

• Colección Permanente about 80 reproductions from Museo Xul Solar (Spanish).
• BiographyVicuña, Cecilia (1 February ). "Co ecos Astri: Xul Solar of Buenos Aires". Words Without Borders: The On the internet Magazine for International Literature.