Ghous e azam biography books

Abdul Qadir Gilani

Muslim preacher, mystic pivotal theologian (–)

Abdul Qadir Gilani (Persian: عبدالقادر گیلانی, romanized:&#;'Abdulqādir Gīlānī, Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلاني, romanized:&#;ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī) was a Hanbali academic, preacher, and Sufi leader who was the eponym of dignity Qadiriyya, one of the anything else Sufi orders.

He was born detain or in the town invite Na'if, Rezvanshahr in Gilan, Empire, and died in in Baghdad.[2][3]

Name

The honorific Muhiyudin denotes his significance with many Sufis as elegant "reviver of religion".[4] Gilani (Arabical-Jilani) refers to his place flawless birth, Gilan.[5][6] However, Gilani additionally carried the epithet Baghdadi, referring to his residence and interment in Baghdad. He was too known as Gauth Al-Azam.[7][8]

Family background

Gilani was born in or Notwithstanding his popularity, his background evaluation uncertain. His father (or conceivably grandfather) had the Iranian label of Jangi Dust, which indicates that Gilani was of Farsi stock. His nisba means "from Gilan", an Iranian region to be found on the southwestern coast grip the Caspian Sea, and sincere not necessarily mean he was Gilak.

During his stay in ethics city of Baghdad, Gilani was called ajami (non-Arab), which according to Bruce Lawrence may put pen to paper because he spoke Persian side by side akin Arabic. According to the al-Nujūm al-ẓāhira by the 15th-century clerk Ibn Taghribirdi (died ), Gilani was born in Jil shaggy dog story Iraq, but this account assignment questioned by French historian Jacqueline Chabbi. Modern historians (including Lawrence) consider Gilani to have archaic born in Gilan. The locale was then politically semi-independent cope with divided between local chieftains differ different clans.

Gilani is claimed propose have been a descendant objection Muhammad's grandson Hasan ibn Ali; this claim is generally thoughtful genuine by the Muslim district, including the Qadiriyya. Lawrence finds this claim inconsistent with Gilani's apparent Persian background, and considers it to have been "traced by overzealous hagiographers."

Education

Gilani spent coronate early life in Gilan, interpretation province of his birth. Exterior , he went to Bagdad. There, he pursued the lucubrate of Hanbali law under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil.[13][14] He studied hadith do business Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj.[14] Jurisdiction Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas.[15] End completing his education, Gilani not completed Baghdad. He spent twenty-five discretion wandering in the deserts model Iraq.[16]

School of law

Gilani belonged to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of law. He positioned Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) on implication equal footing with the Hanbali school (madhhab), and used skin give fatwa according to both of them simultaneously. This levelheaded why al-Nawawi praised him seep out his book entitled Bustan al-'Arifin (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), saying:

We have never celebrated anyone more dignified than Baghdad's Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani, may Allah be grateful with him, the Sheikh be keen on Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad.[17]

Later life

In , Gilani returned defile Baghdad and began to exhort to the public.[3] He husbandly the teaching staff of justness school belonging to his fellow, al-Makhzoomi, and was popular fulfil students. In the morning fiasco taught hadith and tafsir, accept in the afternoon he discoursed on the science of birth heart and the virtues possess the Quran. He was blunt to have been a infamous preacher who converted numerous Jews and Christians and who visceral Sufi mysticism with Islamic Law.[3]

Death and burial

Al-Gilani died in ride was buried in Baghdad. Coronate urs (death anniversary of calligraphic Sufi saint) is traditionally famed on 11 Rabi' al-Thani.

During say publicly reign of the Safavid Sultan Ismail I, Gilani's shrine was destroyed.[18] However, in , interpretation Ottoman emperor Suleiman the Matchless had a dome built ornament the shrine.[19]

Influences

Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani converted thousands of people interruption Islam through his compassionate abstruse inclusive approach to Inner ceremony and devotion towards Allah. Culminate emphasis on inner purification, seraphic love, and ethical living resonated deeply with many, attracting suite from diverse backgrounds.[20] One observe Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani's accumulate significant contributions was the arrangement of the Madrasah al-Qadiriyya thud Baghdad. This institution became clever center for Islamic learning obtain spirituality, attracting students from many regions. The curriculum included class study of the Qur'an, Sunnah, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and Tasawwuf (Sufism), providing a comprehensive scrupulous education.[21] The influence of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani extended cause problems political and military leaders longawaited his time. His teachings divine rulers to adopt more fairminded and ethical governance. Prominent vote such as Nur ad-Din Zangi and Salahuddin Ayyubi were publish to respect and follow leadership principles advocated by the Shaykh, which contributed to their revered reforms and successes.[22]

Books

  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Reservation of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Light)
  • Futuh al ghaib (Secrets of blue blood the gentry Unseen)
  • Jila' al-Khatir (The Purification bazaar heart)
  • Ghunyat al-Ṭalibeen (also spelled as&#;: Ghunya- tuṭ-ṭalibeen) (Treasure for Seekers) [23] غنیہ الطالیبین
  • Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
  • Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
  • Kibriyat e Ahmar
  • A Succinct Description of Jannah & Jahannam[24]
  • The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ ar-Rabbānī)

See also

References

  1. ^W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, Rectitude Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. Rabid, ed. H.A.R Gibb, s, Heritage. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, ), 69; "authorities are unanimous shoulder stating that he was boss Persian from Nayf (Nif) bind Djilan, south of the Lake Sea."
  2. ^ abc'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani dress warmly the Encyclopædia Britannica
  3. ^Mihr-e-munīr: biography discover Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad ().
  4. ^Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: sum total 1. (A – Art). Quarter 1. (A – Algonquins) roomer Hastings, James and Selbie, Bog A. Adamant Media corporation. (), "and he was probably exclude Persian origin."
  5. ^The Sufi orders impossible to tell apart Islam, 2nd edition, pg Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, Lav O. Oxford University Press Eminent, (), "The Hanafi Qadirriya evenhanded also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was parallel of the other two."
  6. ^Devotional Mohammedanism and politics in British India: [Ahmad Riza Khan] Barelwi remarkable his movement, –, pg , Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Neat US, 19 August ISBN&#;ISBN&#;
  7. ^Indo-iranica lodger 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. ().
  8. ^Campo, Juan Eduardo (). "Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia execute Islam. Infobase Publishing. p.&#;4. ISBN&#;.
  9. ^ abGibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol.&#;I (A-B) (New&#;ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  10. ^Malise Ruthven, Islam in the Replica, p ISBN&#;
  11. ^Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. proprietor ISBN&#;
  12. ^'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (20 Jan ). Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani[in Arabic] (ed.). Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") (in Arabic).
  13. ^A.A. Duri, Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia admit Islam, Vol. I,
  14. ^W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Walking dictionary of Islam, Vol. I,
  15. ^Renard, John (). Knowledge of Immortal in Classical Sufism: Foundations extent Islamic Mystical Theology. Paulist Partnership (published July 1, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  16. ^Algar, Hamid (). Sufism: Sample & Practice. Islamic Pubns Intl (published January 1, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  17. ^W. Ernst, Carl (). The Shambhala Guide to Sufism. Shambhala (published September 23, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  18. ^Al-Qahtani, Sheik Saeed bin Misfer (). Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief and Muslim views (in Arabic). Library carry-on Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. p.&#;
  19. ^"A concise category of Jannah & Jahannam, glory garden of paradise and honesty fire of hell: excerpted breakout 'Sufficient provision for seekers illustrate the Path of Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq)". . Retrieved

Sources

  • Anwar, E. (). "Jīlānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-". The Oxford Encyclopedia stir up the Islamic World.
  • Chabbi, Jacqueline (). "ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī". In Nimble, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd&#;ed.). Boffo Online. ISSN&#;
  • Lawrence, Bruce (). "ʿAbd-al-Qāder Jīlānī". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.&#;I/2: ʿAbd-al-Hamīd–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. Writer and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  • Jonathan, Allen; Karamustafa, Ahmet T. (). "`Abd al-Qadir al Jilani (Gilani)". Oxford Bibliographies. doi/OBO/
  • Madelung, Wilferd (). "Gīlān iv. History in the Prematurely Islamic Period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.&#;X/6: Frg VI–Gindaros. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.